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Woolley, “ A study of magnetic viscosity,” Proceedings of the Physical Society. Ewing, “ On time-lag in the magnetisation of iron,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 46, 269– 286 (1889). West, “ Slow magnetic domain wall motion,” Journal of Applied Physics 48, 2612– 2617 (1977). Nembach, “ Thermally activated domain-wall motion in ferromagnetic single crystals,” Journal of Applied Physics 50, 4895– 4903 (1979). Sweet, “ Temperature dependence of domain wall creep in thin Ni-Fe magnetic film,” Journal of Applied Physics 35, 814– 815 (1964). Wood, “ Thermally activated domain wall movement,” Physica Status Solidi (B) 16, 321– 328 (1966). Mitchell, “ Slow domain wall motion in homogeneous vacuum-deposited iron-nickel films,” Journal of Applied Physics 30, S258– S259 (1959). These include measurements of Permalloy films, 13–16 13. Efthimiadis, “ On the measurement of magnetic viscosity,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 324, 2547– 2552 (2012). Nembach, “ Low temperature mobility of domain walls in ferromagnetic nickel alloys,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 26, 273– 274 (1982). Maeda, “ On the magnetic after-effect due to the irreversible displacement of the domain boundary (iii),” Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 6, 494– 499 (1951). Maeda, “ On the magnetic after effect due to the irreversible displacement of domain boundary (i),” Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 5, 358– 364 (1950).
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Upon application or removal of an external magnetic field, delayed changes in the magnetization in thin films and in small bulk samples of magnetic materials have been observed taking place over times of less than a second to longer than an hour. If the external magnetic field is sufficiently strong, domain growth and domain rotation each approach a maximum (saturation), no further change is possible, and the relative permeability drops to unity.
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Wikipedia, “Earth’s magnetic field - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,” “ ’s_magnetic_field&oldid=798850004” (2017). ( National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, 2015). Thomson, The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2015-2020, Tech. HyMu “80” TM and other (Permalloy) magnetic shield materials will demagnetize and magnetize in the Earth’s magnetic field, which is nowhere less than 17.5 A/m ( μ 0 H = 22, 000 nT). of between H = 0.64 A/m and H = 1.6 A/m to restore the magnetization to zero after it has been magnetized. “Carpenter technology technical data sheet hymu “80” tm alloy,” (2009). HyMu “80” TM, the molybdenum Permalloy used in the measurements reported in this paper, requires a coercive field 6 6. and ease of domain wall motion and domain rotation is associated with high permeability.
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Graham, Introduction to magnetic materials ( John Wiley & Sons, 2011), p. Magnetization of the shield material is key to shielding the interior volume, 5 5. In domain rotation, a domain rotates from its energetically favored easy axis towards alignment with the external field. In domain wall motion, magnetic domains oriented in the direction of the external field grow at the expense of domains with other orientations. 3 ( Cambridge university press, 2001), ch. Özdemir, Rock magnetism: fundamentals and frontiers, Vol. including rotation of particles too small to have formed more than a single domain.
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Graham, Introduction to magnetic materials ( John Wiley & Sons, 2011), ch. Graham, Physics of Ferromagnetism 2e ( Oxford University Press, 2007), Chap. Magnetization changes are the result of domain wall motion and domain rotation, 2,3 2.