The first computer was interfaced to the RTK GPS unit to determine seed location and forward speed. Two low-cost single-board computers were used to acquire data in real time and display it in the tractor cab. These sensors detected the seeds as they fell through seed tubes. Four seed detector sensors (one per planting unit) were mounted directly above the planter shoes.
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A four-row Salvo 650 vacuum planter was retrofitted with an RTK GPS receiver. High-accuracy seed mapping can potentially be used in weed control and plant-specific crop management. The potential use of a real-time kinematics (RTK) GPS receiver for seed mapping with a high level of accuracy was investigated. We also identify the occurrence of buoyant plume and secondary overspill events due to cross stream flow within the channel which would produce complex deposits associated with overspill events.
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Superelevation of the current increases with channel curvature and decreasing channel width but is underestimated using traditional estimates of superelevation due to the lack of the free surface in these flows. The amount of mass overspilled is a function of channel curvature. In all sinuous channel simulations, the underflow of the current becomes superelevated when it encounters bends and is able to overwhelm channel walls. We show that the main avulsion mechanism can include significant portions of the insulated underflow layer from the channel leading to a dangerously hot overspilled current. Channels help inhibit ambient air entrainment into the underflow and can maintain and deliver material with minimal cooling during transport. Our simulation geometries span the range of natural channels commonly found in stratovolcanic landforms. We present three‐dimensional multiphase models of channelized PDCs and link the generation of overspill currents to channel geometry (width, depth, and curvature). Understanding the flow transition initiated by avulsion or overspill from valley confined PDC to unconfined PDC is necessary to mitigate their damage. Small‐volume events are particularly sensitive to topography and channelization into drainage basins.
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From field survey data and manual calculation, it is observed that manual calculation of distance and area is more accurate than that of Google Earth Pro measurements.ĭue to their mobility, high velocities, and common occurrence, small‐volume pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) represent a major hazard around volcanoes. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the accuracy in distance and area of selected location using Google Earth Pro (GIS application software).
![google earth ruler tool google earth ruler tool](http://earth.google.com/userguide/v4/images/measure.jpg)
But accuracy of GIS is need to be determined for getting the precise measurements. On the other hand, recent development in Global Information System (GIS) made this task easy to perform by remote sensing and using Global Positioning System (GPS) application based software. require time and financial help to accomplish the task. Manual surveying using chains, taps, level machines etc. Certain time Civil engineers requires preliminary survey data regarding the distance between two points or area of particular place quickly for deciding the possible alternate routes and knowing the area of particular location accurately. But among all, the most important factor is time required to accomplish the particular task.
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Scale bars are associated with a map frame in a layout.Measuring the long distance and larger area is always remained tedious job for surveyor due to various factors like it consumes more time, bad weather, error in instruments being used etc. It is labeled with its ground length usually in multiples of map units such as tens of kilometers or hundreds of miles. What is a scale bar?Ī scale bar is a line or bar divided into parts. Under Show Elevation choose the appropriate unit and click OK.
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To set units of measurement for elevation in the 3D viewer click Tools > Options > 3D view (on the Mac click Google Earth > Preferences > 3D view). How do I change the elevation on Google Earth Pro? How do you measure the height of a building from the ground?īuilding height is measured from finished grade located within 2 feet of the foundation wall to the highest point on the building or structure. You can also get latitude and longitude coordinates and use the Measure Tool to show the distance from that location. Press and hold the location to reveal the altitude. Search for a place or adjust Google Earth until you get to the view you want. See also what is the difference between a leopard and a cheetah